Design a traffic shaping and QoS system for a large network, covering token bucket and leaky bucket algorithms, tc/netem, DiffServ, bandwidth allocation, fair queuing, and congestion management at the network edge.
## Problem
Design a traffic shaping and QoS (Quality of Service) system for a cloud provider's network edge. The network carries diverse traffic types — real-time video conferencing, interactive API requests, bulk data transfers, and background backups — all sharing the same physical links.
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Design canvas, rubric, hints, and model solutions.