Design a service discovery system supporting DNS-based and registry-based approaches, health checking with configurable staleness, client-side vs server-side discovery patterns, and service mesh integration for a microservices platform handling 500K service instances.
## Problem
Your company is migrating from a monolithic architecture to microservices running on Kubernetes and bare-metal hosts across three regions. Currently, services find each other through hardcoded configuration files and a legacy internal DNS server that requires manual record updates. Deployments frequently cause brief outages because the DNS records are not updated fast enough and health checking is nonexistent.
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Junior · Conceptual