Explain the fundamentals of capacity planning for a growing web application, covering demand forecasting, organic vs inorganic growth, headroom targets, lead times, and capacity models.
## Problem
Your team runs a web application experiencing 20% month-over-month traffic growth. The application currently handles 10,000 requests per second at peak, and you have just enough capacity to serve this load with minimal headroom. Leadership asks you to create a capacity plan that ensures the service never runs out of resources. Explain the fundamentals of capacity planning for this scenario.
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