Explain the TLS 1.3 handshake process end-to-end, including certificate chain validation, cipher suite negotiation, OCSP stapling, and certificate management with Let's Encrypt.
## Problem
You are joining an infrastructure team that manages TLS termination for thousands of domains across a fleet of edge proxies. A junior engineer asks you to explain how TLS actually works — from the initial handshake through to encrypted data transfer — so the team can debug certificate issues and make informed decisions about TLS configuration.
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