Explain Linux page cache, swap mechanics, and tuning: swappiness, dirty page writeback, vm.dirty_ratio, readahead, and drop_caches behavior.
## Problem
You are an SRE managing a fleet of servers running a mix of workloads: a database service that benefits from large page caches, an application server with moderate memory usage, and periodic batch jobs that read large files sequentially. Your team has been seeing intermittent latency spikes correlated with disk I/O, and some servers occasionally swap despite appearing to have free memory.
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