Design the DNS system for a global consumer application: authoritative zones, geo-steering, health-checked records, anycast recursive resolvers for service discovery, and a control plane that propagates record changes worldwide in under 60 seconds.
## Problem
Design the DNS system that powers a global consumer application with users in every populated continent. The system must answer authoritative queries for ~500 zones (the company's brands, product domains, and service endpoints), steer users to the closest healthy endpoint via geo-aware routing, and propagate record changes made by engineers or automation to every edge within 60 seconds. It must also provide an internal recursive resolution tier so the company's own services can look up both internal and external names reliably. Think of building the infrastructure behind Route 53, NS1, or Cloudflare DNS — but scoped to the needs of one large company rather than as a third-party product.
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